Anyone who studies elegies about Imam Hossein (AS)) in Poems would find themes which narrate great events at the same time show the extent that poets are affected by events of Karbala. The achievements of present study, that has studied the elegy of Imam Hossein (AS) in poems attributed to Imam Sajjad (AS) using a descriptive-analytic approach, suggest that in these verses in addition to themes like evoking a spirit of repentance among people or encouraging them to revolt against Umayyad corrupted rulers; some of that period’s features such as Umayyad rulersinjustice and innocence of Prophet (A)'s family and also ignorance and stupidity of people because of excess of common wealth and concern about material world is reflected.

The sacred and philosophical aspects of Imam Hossein mourning have sometimes caused the forgetting of identity-making and effective roles in the relations of daily life. Due to this lack of attention to the earthly valuable dimensions such as Ashura and mourning for Imam Hossein, the Iranian-Islamic lifestyle has increasingly met its diverse needs with improved imported resources. However, traditions and rituals have semantic and inspiring aspects to feed lifestyles. Accordingly, the main question will be what objective and practical capacities are there in the mourning of Imam Hussein-as a human process-to lay the groundwork for the Iranian-Islamic lifestyle? This study aims to use the logic of objective and practical relationships within mourning, to introduce some relationships that make up a comprehensive lifestyle and outside the limits of a religious ritual. In this paper, the method of understanding phenomena will be based on phenomenological forms that follow the description of mourning phenomena based on the needs, experiences, and influences of the Shiite Muslim identifier in everyday life. Therefore, the form of phenomenology will be a personal matter and does not follow the transcendental pattern. In addition, the lived experiences and objective observations of the authors of the mourning ceremonies of Imam Hussein and the reflections of mourning in the narration of some written sources have also been considered. One of the results of this study will be the compilation of a list of consistent and positive propositions for an objective lifestyle and the construction of new relationships in everyday life.

Investigating the texts of the ancient works provides the possibility for a scientific review of the evolution of historiography in different fields and it gives a basis for identifying some of the content differences in the texts. Abu Mikhnaf's reliance on the details and conversations in the compilation of Maqtal al-Hossein, as well as the proximity of his life to the event of Karbala, provides us with a rare collection of Imam's activities at various stages of the formation of the Karbala event. Accordingly, this study seeks to answer this question: what were the characteristics of the educational aspect of Imam Hossein's school from the beginning of his movement from Medina to Karbala to the time of his martyrdom. The results of this descriptive-analytic study indicate that informing the people was the main characteristic of Imam Hossein's school in the course of his movement. Imam focused on two issues: expressing the characteristics of the leader of the Muslims and declaring the lack of legitimacy of the government.

Background and Aim: Nosocomial infections (NI) are infections that occur during admission time in the hospital. Data regarding the incidence of NI is variable between 2.8-10% in different centers. The most common causes of these infections are iatrogenic, organization and patient risk factors. According to high physical lesions and financial losses imposed by these infections and the lack of accurate statistics regarding this topic, we aimed to evaluate the frequency of NI and the related factors.Materials and Methods: In a prospective descriptive study, all admitted patients in different wards of Imam Hossein(as) hospital of Shahrood in 2005, who had the diagnostic criteria of NI were included and full laboratory studies were performed. The annual incidence rate and incidence density of NI was calculated.Data were analyzed by SPSS using relevant statistical tests.Results: Among 23816 admitted patients in this hospital, 98 patients (46 males and 52 females) with mean age of 55.7±23.9 years (ranging 5 to 98 years) were diagnosed as NI. Overall incidence rate of NI was 41/10000 patients. Incidence density in ICU was 54.1, in neurology ward was 37.2, internal medicine ward was 16.6 and in orthopedic ward was 12.5/10000 patients/day. Regarding the etiology of infection, E-coli were found in 64.3%, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus in 11.2% and Klebsiella in 8.2% of cases. Among patients with NI, urine catheter was seen in 66.3%, tracheal intubations in 14.3% and surgical wounds were seen in 13.2% of patients.Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the lower frequency of NI in comparison with the national results. Proper and timely use of medical interventions, hand washing especially for health personnel, health education, continuous supervision, correct use of disposable equipments, controlled use of antibiotics good care of surgical wounds are the most important to be considered.

There are some narratives told by Imam Reza and other Imams about the oblation of crying on the suffering experienced by Imam Hossein. There are some hadith which confirm that God bestows graces such as entering into paradise to those who cry or make others cry on Imam Hossein. There is ambiguity regarding the praise of crying on Imam and its relationship with God's knowledge which has made it problematic. This paper clarifies some justification on this ambiguity. The paper concludes that these hadith generally confirm the entrance into paradise as the reward for the crying on Imam Hossein. This point does not negate not only its conditionality with other issues such as condition, the presence of all elements but also this conditionality explicates the content of these hadith.

The character / personality of Imam Hossein (AS) and the historiography of the Ashura uprising have consistently been pivotal topics of discussion among Muslim scholars, particularly within Shia Islam, as the events of Ashura have profoundly shaped Shia history and continue to exert a significant influence today. Inspired by Imam Hossein’s (AS) stand against oppression, generations of Shia and Muslims have raised the banner of resistance against tyranny across the globe. This prominent role of the Ashura event, along with the extensive focus on Imam Hossein’s (AS) character in various historical, artistic, social, and political contexts, has led some Orientalists, who have shown interest in Shia studies for diverse reasons, to explore and analyze the character of Imam Hossein (AS) and the Ashura uprising from multiple perspectives. This article employs a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing library research and content analysis, to explore the topic of “Orientalist Perspectives on the Analysis of Imam Hossein’s (AS) Character from the Era of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) to the Ashura Uprising. ” It critically examines the reports and analyses provided by Orientalists, remaining faithful to their original content. The findings reveal that in the works of some Orientalists, such as Louis Massignon, Gabriel Danjiri, and Vechia Valieri, Imam Hossein (AS) is not restricted solely to the Ashura event. Their analyses span four distinct periods: 1) the time of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), 2) the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs, 3) the period of Imam Ali (AS), and 4) the time of Imam Hassan (AS). However, some biases are evident in the discussions on Imam Hassan (AS) where Orientalists have attempted to fabricate conflicts between Hasan and Hossein (AS), distorting historical truths. Certain Orientalists have attributed the causes of the Ashura uprising to factors such as opposition to the hereditary caliphate of the Umayyads and the invitation extended to Imam Hossein (AS) by the people of Kufa. For example, Francisco Gabrieli, Antoine Bara, and Monsieur Marbin viewed the presence of women and children with Imam Hossein (AS) as indicative of his oppression. They identified key objectives of the uprising, including the promotion of virtue, freedom, resistance to humiliation, and the revival of Islam, thus presenting Ashura as a practical model for Muslims to confront and liberate themselves from oppressors throughout history. The evaluation of Orientalist theories concerning certain Quranic verses (such as the Verse of Mubahala, the Verse of Purification, the Verse of Affection, and Verse 37 of Surah Baqarah) — which Shia and Sunni interpreters assert were revealed regarding the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) and Imam Hossein (AS) — undermines the biased claims made by some Orientalists about differences between the characters of Imam Hassan and Imam Hossein (AS). This examination highlights errors or material biases, particularly related to the Ashura movement and uprising, demonstrating that some Orientalist perspectives, influenced by personal or ideological biases and lacking reference to authentic Islamic sources, have sought to distort the character of Imam Hossein (AS). The luminous Quranic verses revealed in his honor refuted such distortions.

The Arbaeen procession, which has now reached a global scale, has depicted a manifestation of the united Islamic nation and a dynamic and symbolic movement of religious culture and civilization. The research question is, what are the civilizing functions of the Arbaeen procession with a sociological approach? The writing of this article is the result of 40 interviews with academic and seminary elites using a qualitative method of thematic analysis and text coding, and extracting key and selected concepts and categories of civilization that has finally reached multiple categories. The findings of the research show that identity-building, order, and integration are among the social-civilizational functions, deepening spirituality and self-improvement are among the moral-civilizational and authority-creating functions, the unity of the Islamic world, and security, is part of the political-civilizational functions of the Arbaeen Hosseini march.

The need for change in the era of complexity is one of the basic needs of organizations. However, several studies indicate the failure of many organizations to successfully go through the change journey. Organizations not being ready to start the change journey is considered one of the reasons for this failure. Based on this, the existence of a tool that can evaluate the state of readiness for change and help managers to go through the change journey better is demanded by many organizations and managers. In this article, a framework for measuring the level of readiness for change is presented and based on it, the desired variable is evaluated in a military organization (Imam Hussein University (AS)) and the proposed model is also developed using the collected data. has been examined and fitted. The result of the research indicates that all the coefficients of the model have reached statistical significance with a confidence level of more than 99%, and the overall research model consisting of dimensions of behavioral factors, contextual factors, structural factors, and individual and group dynamic factors has been approved.

Ashura was a very important event that occurred shortly after the prophet's life and became a symbol of epic and courage in the shiite school. According to the importance of this great movement in the history of Islam and shi'ism, enclose it in a heroic, uprising and emotional and paying to the different aspect of this great movement, is the massive mission in he way of the spirit of the Ashura's school in the body of history. Therefore, current study is a qualitative study, by using text commentary and analysis of speech, by studying the life of Imam hossein (PBUH) to explain the educational goals of this great movement in Ashura and achieved tis results: reform and development of individuals and society reform including the Imam hossein's (PBUH) educational goals in Ashura that underlying next target means pure life and these objectives as intermediate objectives fore realized final goal means that worship the God.

Background: Complex partial seizure is the most frequent type of epilepsy. Its symptoms and signs resembled psychiatric disorders. The present study was conducted over the patients hospitalized in Imam Hossein hospital since 1992 till 1999, to determine the symptomatology of complex partial seizure. Materials and methods: In this existing data type study, all the patients who had the diagnosis of complex partial seiztire were selected, then, initial data including sex, age, type and category of psychiatric symptoms were recorded. Results: 34 patients including 13 males and 21 females, aged 17-55 years, were studied. Cognitive disorders (85.3%) were the most frequent, whereas, vegetative disorders (64.7%) were the least frequent disorders. Aggression (70.5%), paranoid (64.7%) and hearing hallucination (64.7%) were the most common symptoms. Conclusion: Regarding the similarity of complex partial seizure symptoms and other psychiatric disorders, further studies, for precise recognition of these disorders, are highly recommended.